$157.00 AUD
Category: Child Development
Description
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Read by more than half a million students worldwide, Berk’s Child Development has been the standard for 20 years. Now, this 20th anniversary edition builds on its long and successful history with the most cutting-edge re
Description
top
Read by more than half a million students worldwide, Berk’s Child Development has been the standard for 20 years. Now, this 20th anniversary edition builds on its long and successful history with the most cutting-edge research, pedagogy, and supplements package available! Laura Berk has taught thousands of students with diverse majors, future goals, interests, and needs. Her work is continually at the forefront of changes in the field. The Eighth Edition includes the most up-to-date scholarship while retaining all the hallmark features for which Laura Berk’s texts are known — unique story-telling, practical applications, meticulous research, and much more!
New To This Edition
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Updated! Meticulously researched material, including more than 1,500 new reference citations as well as the latest research and findings, is conveyed to the student in a clear, story-like fashion that humanizes the complex developmental process.
New! Take a Moment…, an active-learning pedagogical feature, built into the text narrative, asks the reader to “take a moment” to think about an important point, integrate information on children’s development, or engage in an exercise or an application to clarify a challenging concept. Take a Moment . . . actively engages the student in learning and inspires critical thinking.
New Supplement! Classroom Kits Volume 1 and 2 are packed with instructor materials including: Instructor’s Resource Manual, Test Bank, Grade Aid and PowerPoint Slides with notes.
New and Extensively Revised Videos! Over four hours of footage, including scripted and unscripted observation segments that illustrate the many theories, concepts, and milestones of child development. Content includes an extensive library of 2- to 5-minute segments specially designed for efficient classroom use, including new content on child abuse intervention, peer acceptance and developmental consequences, development of children's drawings, and much more.
Chapter 1 Key Changes
Updated Biology and Environment box on resilience
New, applied examples of the contributions of behaviorism and social learning theory
Introduction to developmental cognitive neuroscience as a new area of investigation
Updated section on public policies and child development
67 new reference citations
Chapter 2 Key Changes
New examples of research using systematic observation, structured interviews, and correlational designs
Expanded and updated section on psychophysiological methods of assessing brain functioning, including EEG, ERPs, fMRI, PET, and NIROT and a table summarizing these techniques
New Biology and Environment box on prenatal iron deficiency, brain development, and memory impairments in infants of diabetic mothers, illustrating the use of ERP to study atypical brain and cognitive functioning
Revised and updated Cultural Influences box on immigrant youths
Revised section on sequential designs, including a new example and visual illustration
Expanded discussion of the use of deception in research with children, including a new example illustrating ethical dilemmas
43 new reference citations
Chapter 3 Key Changes
Updated discussion of basic genetics, including incomplete dominance
New evidence on the changing proportion of male to female births
Inclusion of both germline and somatic mutation, with implications for modifiability of the genotype and gene-environment interaction
New evidence on genetic treatment of disease
Updated research on fetal sensory and behavioral capacities
Discussion of the risks of stimulating the fetus to promote cognitive skills
Updated Biology and Environment box on the prenatal environment and health in later life
Expanded and updated consideration of a wide range of teratogens
Inclusion of the new designation for harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure–fetal alcohol spectrum disorder–and its associated three diagnoses: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
Enhanced discussion of the impact of maternal infectious disease on the developing organism, with special attention to AIDS, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex 2
New evidence on the long-term consequences of emotional stress during pregnancy
New research on natural childbirth practices, including positions for delivery and water birth
New findings on oxygen deprivation during childbirth, head-cooling treatment to reduce brain injury, and developmental consequences
Updated discussion of preterm and low-birth-weight infants, including long-term developmental outcomes for very low-birth-weight babies
Updated Social Issues: Health box on health care and other policies for parents and newborn babies, including cross-national infant mortality rates and the importance of generous parental leave
Enhanced consideration of the benefits of “kangaroo care” for preterm babies
Enhanced discussion of environmental influences on gene expression
174 new references
Chapter 4 Key Changes
New findings on contributions of sleep to infant learning and memory
Updated Cultural Influences box on cultural variation in infant sleeping arrangements
Updated Biology and Environment box on sudden infant death syndrome, including protective sleeping practices
New research on infant crying, including a nurse home-visiting program to reduce colic
Enhanced attention to the contribution of independent locomotion to development of more flexible memory in infancy
Expanded and updated section on newborn imitation, including the role of mirror neurons in the human capacity for imitation and other social abilities.
Updated evidence on how environmental supports contribute to development of motor skills, with special attention to stair climbing
Updated section on development of reaching
New research on fetal and newborn pain perception
New findings on babies’ capacity to statistically analyze the speech stream
New Biology and Environment box on “tuning in” to familiar speech, faces, and music during
Updated evidence on babies’ developing sensitivity to depth cues
Expanded and updated consideration of early pattern and face perception
Expanded and updated section on intermodal perception, including its contributions to all aspects of psychological development
New research on infants born with cataracts and children adopted from Romanian orphanages, bearing on the question of whether infancy is a sensitive period of development
98 new reference citations
Chapter 5 Key Changes
Updated findings on youth sports, including gender differences in participation and consequences for development
New statistics and evidence on teenage use of performance-enhancing drupgs
Expanded treatment of brain development in childhood and adolescence, with emphasis on developing connections between the frontal lobes and other brain structures
New findings on development of handedness
Revised and updated section on overweight and obesity, including rapid increase in developing nations, contributing factors–low education and income, parental feeding practices, childhood sleep, television viewing, physical activity, and the broader cultural environment–and prevention and treatment
Updated statistics on childhood immunization in the United States, Canada, and other industrialized nations
New Biology and Environment box on low-level lead exposure and children’s development
New research on the contribution of parent-teenage relationships to adolescent mood
New evidence on implications of pubertal timing for psychological adjustment in adolescence and adulthood
Discussion of the Internet as a hazardous “sex educator,” including adolescents’ exposure to pornography on the Internet
Updated statistics and evidence on sexually transmitted disease, including international comparisons and teenagers’ understanding of modes of transmission
New findings on programs, including components of sex education, that reduce adolescent unprotected sexual activity and pregnancy
New evidence on the long-term consequences of adolescent parenthood and on prevention strategies
New Social Issues box on intergenerational continuity in adolescent parenthood
192 new references
Chapter 6 Key Changes
New research on deferred imitation in infancy and toddlerhood, including generalization of modeled behaviors and rational imitation, by inferring models’ intentions
New evidence on infants’ understanding of object permanence, including brain-wave findings
New research on development of categorization, with special attention to the animate—inanimate distinction in toddlerhood and to preschoolers’ capacity to infer underlying, nonobservable characteristics shared by category members
New findings on cultural influences on development of drawing, operational thought, and cognitive maps
New findings on the influence of schooling on development of propositional thought
Updated findings on relationships of the imaginary audience and personal fable to adolescent adjustment
Expanded and updated research on adolescent decision making
Enhanced discussion of infants’ physical in relation to the core knowledge perspective, with emphasis on sensitivity to basic principles of object support
New research on the controversy over whether babies have basic number concepts, including brain-wave findings and cross-cultural evidence
Expanded consideration of preschoolers’ biological knowledge, including growth, inheritance, illness, and death
New evidence on the development and significance of children’s private speech
89 new reference citations
Chapter 7 Key Changes
Updated coverage of connectionism, including constructivist connectionist models, which simulate infants’ and children’s rapid learning more effectively
Expanded and updated consideration of Siegler’s model of strategy choice, with new findings on children’s strategy experimentation and task performance
New findings on development of selective attention on everyday tasks
New Social Issues box on Enhancing Cognitive Control Through Preschool Education
Revised and updated Biology and Environment box on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Enhanced consideration of fuzzy trace theory, gains in gist memory, and why certain memory inaccuracies increase while others decrease with age
Revised and updated discussion of development of autobiographical memory, with new research on cultural variations in parent—child conversations about past events
Updated Biology and Environment box on infantile amnesia
New research on factors that affect the accuracy of children’s eyewitness memory
New findings on development of metacognition, including age-related gains in ability to discriminate good from bad reasoning
Updated evidence on contributions of phonological awareness to emergent literacy and reading progress
Updated research on early development of counting and math concepts, including estimation
Recent research on factors that support scientific reasoning–coordination of theory with evidence
80 new references
Chapter 8 Key Changes
New chapter-opening story
New findings on aspects of information-processing that underlie children’s intelligence test performance
Updated From Research to Practice box on Emotional Intelligence
Inclusion of the most recent edition of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)
Updated evidence on IQ as a predictor of occupational attainment and psychological adjustment
Updated consideration of adoption studies confirming the joint contributions of heredity and environment to IQ
New findings on cultural bias in testing, with special attention to adult communication styles
Revised and expanded Social Issues box on high-stakes testing
Updated evidence on the contribution of parental expectations for educational attainment to children’s academic performance
New research on early intervention for low-income children, including Early Head Start
Updated evidence on cost-effectiveness of excellent intervention
Summary of factors contributing to the enduring impact of outstanding early intervention programs–the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project, the Chicago Child—Parent Centers, and the Carolina Abecedarian Project
83 new references
Chapter 9 Key Changes
New evidence on factors accounting for the sensitive period, or younger-age advantage, for language learning
Expanded attention to information-processing theories of language development, including connectionist models
New evidence on visual language discrimination by English-learning and French/English-learning infants, with implications for bilingual development
New research on the facilitating role of child-directed speech in early language progress
Impact of cochlear implants on language development in deaf-born babies
Updated findings on the contributions of joint attention, infant pointing, and other preverbal gestures to early language development
New findings on the relationship between toddlers’ language comprehension and production
New evidence on toddlers’ fast-mapping of new words
Updated research on individual differences in early language development, including effects of temperament and SES
Expanded and updated evidence on young children’s strategies for word learning, including the shape bias
Inclusion of the emergentist coalition model, an new account of how children draw on diverse cues to figure out word meanings
New research on toddlers’ sensitivity to grammatical structures in comprehension
New evidence on English-learning children’s mastery of question form
Updated research on the impact of parents’ reformulations of children’s errors on grammatical development
Enhanced discussion of narrative development, including the supportive role of make-believe play
New findings on adolescents’ improved capacity to adapt language style to social contexts
Expanded section on bilingual development, including code-switching
Updated research on effects of bilingualism on brain and cognitive development
114 new references
Chapter 10 Key Changes
Updated section on emotions and cognitive processing, including the impact of traumatic events on children’s memory
Revised and updated Biology and Environment box on parental depression and child development, including both maternal and paternal depression
Updated section on emotions and health, with expanded coverage of stress reactivity, cortisol levels, and problematic physical, emotional, and social development among Romanian orphanage children
New research on development of emotional self-regulation, including the influence of infant care giving, effective techniques for managing toddler temper tantrums, and parent—child conversations that suggest emotion-regulation strategies
New research on school-age children’s capacity to distinguish between feeling and expressing emotions, with implications for emotional self-regulation
Expanded treatment of social referencing, including new findings on infants’ sensitivity to the adult’s voice
New research on the self-regulatory dimension of temperament–effortful control–and consequences for children’s cognitive and social competence
Enhanced attention to contributions of secure attachment to parent—child conversations about emotion and, in turn, to preschoolers’ emotion vocabulary and understanding
Expanded consideration of parenting influences on development of empathy and sympathy
Expanded discussion of methods of assessing attachment, including adaptation of the Strange Situation for preschoolers
Enhanced consideration of cultural variations in sensitive caregiving, with implications for attachment security
New research on the joint contribution of infant characteristics and parental sensitivity to attachment security
Enhanced consideration of the impact of family circumstances on security of attachment,
Expanded section on fathers’ involvement with infants, including cultural variations
Enhanced discussion of the influence of attachment quality on later development, including early emergence of internal working models and the facilitating role of parent—child narratives in children’s construction of broader, more complex attachment representations
Updated Social Issues box on the influence of quality of child care and long child-care hours on attachment and later development
158 new reference citations
Chapter 11 Key Changes
Updated section on development of self-awareness and self-recognition in the first two years, with new research on cultural variations
New evidence on preschoolers’ developing awareness of an enduring self—a self persisting over time
New findings on social experiences contributing to young children’s theory of mind, with special emphasis on parent–child conversations about mental states
Updated Biology and Environment box on “mindblindnesss” and autism, including explanations for a deficient theory of mind among children with autism
Updated section on development of self-concept, including contributions of parent–child communication, cultural differences, and new examples of adolescent self-descriptions
New research on cultural and gender differences in children’s self-esteem
New evidence on cultural variations in parental feedback about task performance, with implications for children’s achievement-related attributions
New research on identity statuses, cognitive styles, and adjustment
New evidence on cultural variations in construction of a sense of self-continuity in adolescence
Revised Social Issues box on adolescent suicide, with evidence on the impact of cultural disintegration and community powerlessness on high suicide rates among Native American and Canadian Aboriginal youths
Updated Cultural Influences box on identity development among ethnic minority youths
New findings on development of racial and ethnic prejudices and strategies for reducing children’s prejudices
New research on training social problem solving, using comprehensive social-cognitive intervention
106 new reference citations
Chapter 12 Key Changes
Expanded treatment of the biological roots of human morality, with special attention to an evolved prosocial capacity resulting from our evolutionary history of group living
New research on parenting, child temperament, and conscience development
Updated Cultural Influences box on ethnic differences in the consequences of physical punishment
Updated statistics on the prevalence of corporal punishment of children in the United States and Canada
Updated research on cultural variations in considering an actor’s intentions in judging the morality of truthfulness and lying
Updated evidence on age-related changes in progress through Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning
Revised evaluation of Kohlberg’s stages, including issues raised by a pragmatic approach to moral judgment
New research on situational influences on care-based moral reasoning
Enhanced consideration of experiences that promote moral self-relevance
Revised and expanded section on the domain approach to moral understanding, including coordination of moral, social-conventional, and personal concerns during middle childhood and adolescence
Expanded consideration of parenting practices and development of morally relevant self-control
New research on the distinction between proactive and reactive aggression
Updated findings on gender differences in aggression from toddlerhood to adolescence
New findings on the implications of proactive and reactive aggression for social-cognitive deficits and distortions, which act to sustain aggression
Updated statistics on the prevalence of adolescent delinquency, including arrests for violent crimes in the United States and Canada
Evaluations of zero tolerance policies in schools, including consideration of why they fail to reduce youth aggression and other forms of misconduct
Updated Social Issues box on development of civic responsibility
Updated Biology and Environment box on two routes to adolescent antisocial behavior
99 new reference citations
Chapter 13 Key Changes
New research on the rigidity of gender stereotypes in early childhood and increasing gender-stereotype flexibility during the school years
Expanded consideration of exceptional sexual development, including gender-typed behavior of children with androgen insensitivity syndrome
New findings of parents differential communication with boys and girls in gender-stereotyped activities
New research on cultural variations in gender typing within gender-segregated peer groups
Updated evidence on gender-typing in the media, with special attention to young children’s picture books
New findings on implications of the cognitive changes that lead up to gender constancy (gender stability and gender consistency) for children’s gender stereotyping
Discussion of the contemporary debate over how best to help children who feel gender atypical
Updated research on sex differences in verbal, spatial, and mathematical abilities, including contributing factors
New research on the widening gender gap in writing achievement, including possible contributing factors
Updated evidence on sex differences in depression, with special attention to the role of a feminine gender identity
71 new references
Chapter 14 Key Changes
New findings on the harmful impact of parental psychological control on children’s adjustment
Expanded and updated section on parenting and adolescent autonomy
New findings on special challenges in parenting adolescents in immigrant families and in risky neighborhoods
Expanded consideration of ethnic variations in child-rearing beliefs and practices
New research on effects of parenting on sibling relationships in middle childhood
Updated evidence on changes in sibling relationships in adolescence
New evidence on development of children in gay and lesbian families
Updated sections on divorce and remarriage and children’s development
Expanded and updated section on consequences of child maltreatment, including new findings on central nervous system damage
130 new reference citations
Chapter 15 Key Changes
Updated research on cultural variations in early childhood peer sociability
New findings on friendship, including resemblance between friends and contributions of friendship to adjustment
Updated findings on peer acceptance, including its implications for friendship formation and for bullying and victimization
Revised and updated Social Issues box on bullies and their victims
Expanded discussion of peer groups, including school-age children’s judgments about peer exclusion, and consequences of exclusion for adjustment
New findings on implications of attachment to parents for quality of friendship and romantic ties
Updated research on peer pressure and conformity, with implications for adolescent adjustment
Reorganized and updated section on media influences, including updated statistics on TV and computer use by North American children and adolescents
Updated evidence on relationship of heavy TV viewing in childhood and early adolescence to later aggressive acts
New findings on impact TV viewing on children and adolescents’ gender stereotyped attitude and behaviors
New evidence on children’s developing understanding of the Internet’s technical complexity, with consequences for their knowledge of its social risks
Expanded treatment of the impact of computer use on academic achievement, with special attention to Web access
New research on adolescents’ use of the Internet for communication, including benefits and risks
Revised and expanded section on regulating media use
New research on short- and long-term benefits of adolescent extracurricular participation
New findings on gains in academic and social skills associated with Montessori preschool education
New Social Issues box on benefits of school recess
New evidence on contributions of social maturity to school readiness
New research on inclusive classrooms and children with learning difficulties
Updated cross-national comparisons of U.S. and Canadian students’ academic achievement
178 new references
Features and Benefits
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Meticulously researched material, including more than 1,500 new reference citations as well as the latest research and findings, is conveyed to the student in a clear, story-like fashion that humanizes the complex developmental process.
Practical applications are integrated into the discussion throughout the text to show students how sound practice stems
from theory and research.
Visually stunning artwork, graphics, and photographs effectively illustrate major points and enhance student interest and understanding.
Outstanding pedagogical features support students’ mastery of the subject matter:
• New! Take a Moment…, an active-learning pedagogical feature, built into the text narrative, asks the reader to “take a moment” to think about an important point, integrate information on children’s development, or engage in an exercise or an application to clarify a challenging concept.
Take a Moment . . . actively engages the student in learning and inspires critical thinking.
• Stories and vignettes of real children, a Berk signature feature, open each chapter and continue throughout the text to illustrate developmental principles and teach through engaging narrative. This book “teaches while it tells a story.”
• In-Text Highlighting of Key Terms and Definitions permits students to review important terms and concepts in context, thereby promoting deeper and more thorough learning. An end-of-chapter term list with page references is also included.
• “Milestones” tables summarize major physical, cognitive, language, emotional, and social achievements of development.
• “Ask Yourself” critical thinking questions have been thoroughly revised and expanded into a unique pedagogical feature that promotes four approaches to connecting with the subject matter. The questions encourage students to Review information they have just read, Apply it to new situations, Connect it to other age periods and domains of development, and Reflect on how theory and research are personally relevant in their own lives.
• Chapter Openers, illustrated with exceptionally beautiful and unique children’s art, prepare students for what they will learn through both a prose description and an outline, which provides a quick look at major topics to be covered.
• Chapter summaries include bolded terms, organized by learning objectives and major section headings, as well as a page-referenced terms list for convenient and focused student review.
• “Applying What We Know” tables provide practical real-life applications based on the results of theory and research. Berk speaks directly to students, offering real-world advice on how to provide sensitive, responsible care for children, both as parents and through the pursuit of a variety of careers and areas of study, including psychology, health care, teaching, social work, guidance counseling, and others.
• Four types of thematic boxes complement the text:
1. “Social Issues” boxes underscore the influence of social and public policies on all aspects of development.
2. “Cultural Influences” boxes emphasize multicultural and cross-cultural variations in development.
3. “Biology and Environment” boxes highlight the growing attention in the field to complex, bidirectional relationships between biological and environmental influences.
4. “From Research to Practice” boxes integrate theory, research, and applications on topics relevant to teachers, students, educators, and professionals.
• Extensive international content helps students learn more about social and cultural contexts for development and the powerful impact for public policies—especially in the realms of health and education—on children’s lives. Comprehensive Canadian research and examples are included throughout.
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Table of Contents
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I. THEORY AND RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT.
1. History, Theory, and Applied Directions.
2. Research Strategies.
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II. FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT.
3. Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth.
4. Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities.
5. Physical Growth.
III. COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT.
6. Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives.
7. Cognitive Development: An Information-Processing Perspective.
8. Intelligence.
9. Language Development.
IV. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
10. Emotional Development.
11. Self and Social Understanding.
12. Moral Development.
13. Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles.
V. CONTEXTS FOR DEVELOPMENT.
14. The Family.
15. Peers, Media, and Schooling.
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